DbParam

DbParam[A] is a single-method typeclass that converts a Scala value of type A to a DbValue for use as a bound SQL parameter. Its sole abstract method is toDbValue(value: A): DbValue. The sql"..." string interpolator summons a DbParam[A] instance at compile time for every interpolated expression and delegates to it during execution to produce the typed DbValue that is stored in Frag#params.

The structural shape of DbParam is:

trait DbParam[A] {
  def toDbValue(value: A): DbValue
}

object DbParam {
  def apply[A](implicit p: DbParam[A]): DbParam[A]
  // given instances for:
  //   Int, Long, Double, Float, Boolean, String, Short, Byte,
  //   BigDecimal, Array[Byte], LocalDate, LocalDateTime, LocalTime,
  //   Instant, Duration, UUID, DbValue (identity),
  //   Option[A], Maybe[A], and fromDbCodec[A]
}

Usage

The following example shows the three common entry points for DbParam: the sql"..." interpolator (which calls toDbValue behind the scenes), direct instance summoning for inspection:

import zio.blocks.sql._
import java.time.Instant
import java.util.UUID

// 1. Implicitly used by the sql"..." interpolator — no explicit call needed
val userId  = 42
// userId: Int = 42
val active  = true
// active: Boolean = true
val query   = sql"SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $userId AND active = $active"
// query: Frag = Frag(
//   parts = ArraySeq("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ", " AND active = ", ""),
//   params = Vector(DbInt(42), DbBoolean(true))
// )
query.params
// res0: IndexedSeq[DbValue] = Vector(DbInt(42), DbBoolean(true))

// 2. Summon an instance explicitly with DbParam.apply to inspect conversion
val instant = Instant.parse("2024-01-15T10:00:00Z")
// instant: Instant = 2024-01-15T10:00:00Z
DbParam[Instant].toDbValue(instant)
// res1: DbValue = DbInstant(2024-01-15T10:00:00Z)

DbParam[Option[Int]].toDbValue(Some(7))
// res2: DbValue = DbInt(7)
DbParam[Option[Int]].toDbValue(None)
// res3: DbValue = DbNull